The title of Research Associate is used to denote an academic research position at a university or similar institution. A research associate usually conducts research under the supervision of a principal investigator. In contrast to a research assistant or research officer, a research associate often has a graduate degree, such a masters (e.g. Master of Science) or doctoral degree (e.g. Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Medicine). In some cases it can be synonymous with postdoctoral research.